PAPER Topics

... was not only confined to Luther's Germany. Native reform movements in Switzerland found leadership in Ulrich Zwingli, who eventually sought an alliance with Luther and the German reformers, and especially in John Calvin, whose Institutes of the Christian Religion became the most influential summary of the new theology. On most important doctrines, Calvin was in agreement with Luther. Calvin differed from Luther in his belief in the concept of predestination, derived from his belief in God’s supreme authority. This concept became the central focus of succeeding generations of Calvinists. One of the more radical Reformation groups, the Anabaptists, set themselves against other Protestants a ...

... of the entire kingdom. Many people would be called to duty to work on the pyramids and many would go at will. It was found that the Egyptian people actually liked working on the pyramids. Many youths would travel down the Nile to work on the pyramids so that they could see the great city of Memphis. Furniture and riches not to mention body parts of the dead king were buried with him in the pyramid, so that in the afterlife the king would be able to have all the comforts that he had in his life. Wives and people of high standing in the king's court were buried beside his tomb when they died. The queens pyramid was always much smaller than the kings. The other wives and attendant ...

... the Americans blamed the Indians for existing, despite the want of the Indians to simply live on their lands peacefully. The "Trail of Tears" was a great tragedy and many thought it would be the last now that all of the Indians were out of the eastern United States. But the U.S. government became land hungry and due to their idealism of "Manifest Destiny," the "Trail of Tears" was only a starting point on the path to the destruction of the Indians of the West. By 1850 gold had been discovered in California, and white settlers were heading West to strike it rich and lay claim to the entire continent. (Utley and Washburn, page 163) New violence erupted as the white man moved into Indian hun ...

... Crops falied, and trade was stagnant. The people could no longer be taxed, but the government faced bankruptcy unless new revenues were found. The only soulution was to tax the privileged classes. But they were jealoous of their privileged posistion. Altought they were not completely unwilling to contribute some additional taxes, they never understood how grave the economis crisis was. They say the crises as only some form of financial corruption that could be explained away by firing the king's finace ministers. The libiral ideas of the French Enlightenment had been absorbed by some of the clergy and the nobility but only by a very few. The upper classes in France in 1789 were more jealo ...

... and would orphan his two children, however no matter how much he loved them, he wouldn’t contradict his teaching by doing wrong. Even though Socrates wasn’t perfect, he would always make a conscious effort to do right. Breaking out of jail would be blatantly wrong, and he couldn’t bring himself to do it. Adolf Hitler is directly and indirectly responsible for more deaths than almost anyone in history. Over six million Jews alone were killed because of his death camps. In The Plot to Kill Hitler, a group of German officers and many others formed an underground society to try and kill Hitler. Most people would agree that what they were doing was okay because Hitler was such a bad man. ...

... under the Nazis. The Jews were deprived of human rights. The Jewish people were forced to live in Ghetto's which were separated from the main city. Hitler's plan of genocide was carried out with efficiency. The total number of Jews exterminated has been calculated at around 5,750,000. In Warsaw ,where approximately 400,000 Jews had once been concentrated,was reduced to a population of 60,000. they, virtually unarmed, resisted the German deportation order and had held back the regular German troops equipped with flame throwers,armoured cards, and tanks for nearly a month. This heroism was similar to the revolt which took place around 165BC. This uprising was led by the Maccabees ...

... here were the Quakers. They, alike the Puritans, were also very religious. They also read the Bible. They also migrated to America for religious reasons, like the Puritans. They valued self government, Manufacturing, and commerce. Their preachers preached violently (in terms of speaking). They both, lived amicably with the Indians and purchased plots of land off them. Quaker city of Philadelphia became the unofficial colonial capitol in 1750. Twenty-six years later the Declaration of Independence was signed here. The Middle colonies consisted of the present-day states: New York, ...

... On the seventh day the flood abated. Everything, including mankind, had turned to mud and clay. Utnapishtim sent out a dove on the seventh day but it came back. He then sent out a swallow, but it came back. Finally he sent out a raven. The raven, however, saw that the waters had receded; it found food, and started to caw and wallow in the mud; it never came back. Eventually the ship grounded on Mount Nisir. Utnapishtim, seeing that the flood had receded, disembarked and set out an offering for the gods. Enil, “Lord of the underworld,” was very angry when he saw that Utnapishtim had been spared. He was soon calmed by the other gods and gave his blessing to Utnapishtim a ...

... were told that in Allah’s eyes all men are made of the same clay. The Islam found in Indonesia is influenced by Buddhist and Hindu practises which were prevalent prior to Islam. This translates to the fact that of the 190 million Muslims living in Indonesia only 5 to 10% adhere to a relatively purist form of Islam as seen in Pakistan. 30% adhere to a Javanised version of Islam, while the remainder consider themselves as only nominal Muslims. Although a Muslim dominated population, its political and governing institutions are secular, and have little to do with Islam. Indonesia's Muslim population does not control the countries wealth. Previous governments have restricted Islam's influe ...

... for his drastic change in government. A journalist in Cape Town at the time wondered if De Klerk fully realised what he was doing. Perhaps De Klerk thoguht he could remain in power by sharing it with the ANC. There were also economic pressures; business men were meeting with the ANC and liking them. De Klerk was practical as he was trained as a lawyer, and also religious. Apparently his brother had said he thought God had chosen him to lead South Africa ‘at a crossroads’. However, the most probable reason was that apartheid was no longer practical or possible to maintain in the country. This underlying fact had been brought about by several events. Fourteen years prior to Mandela’s rel ...