PAPER Topics

... weapons by Iraq and Libya in 1988 reinforces the danger that these weapons will spread (Cass 1996). Not only are these weapons cheap, but they are very effective. Defense Secretary William S. Cohen held up a five-pound bag of sugar on national television last month to show how, with an equivalent amount of anthrax, Iraq could eliminate at least half the population of Washington. The US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration reported in March 1977 that a single ounce of anthrax introduced into the air-conditioning system of a domed stadium could infect 70-80,000 spectators within an hour (Hardy 1998). In January 1998, the Center for Disease Control declared that an epidemic hit ...

... three axes, all perpendicular to one another and all have equal length. Tetragonal This system comprises crystals with three axes, all perpendicular to one another; but only two are equal in length. Orthorhombic This system comprises crystals with three mutually perpendicular axes, all of different lengths. Monoclinic This system comprises crystals with three axes, all unequal in length, two o which are not perpendicular to another, but both of which are perpendicular to the third. Triclinic This system comprises crystals with three axes, all unequal in length and is not perpendicular to one another. Hexagonal This system comprises crystals with four axes. Three of these ax ...

... last week's annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida, for a ban on hippo poaching. But they say they're a long way from putting an end to the slaughter." (Howard & Koehl) The hippopotamus is an enormous amphibious animal with smooth, hairless skin. Hippos can be found in Liberia, the Ivory Coast, and a few can also be found in Sierra Leone and Guinea. Hippos used to be found anywhere south of the Sahara Desert where they could find enough water and plenty of room to graze. Now, due to poachers and predation they are confined to protected areas, but they can still sometimes be seen in many major rivers and swamps. Hippos need water that is deep enou ...

... renewable fuel contains no sulfur and while growing helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere via photosynthesis. For thousands of years, all good paints and varnishes were made from an oil from the plant. Today, it has almost been totally replaced by chemically derived oils. In closing, it is estimated that if just 6 percent of all our farmable land were seeded with this plant, it could supply us with all our fuel, gas and oil needs. I find it funny that government officials don't realize the impact that this single plant could have on the world. Instead of penalizing people for growing it, governments should be encouraging farmers to grow it. What is this plant you might ask? This ...

... that can be improved by the use of bicycles. There are several major problems that could be drastically reduced by the increased use of bicycles. Traffic would be a lot lighter due to the extremely small size of bicycles. It would also greatly reduce the wear and tear on our roads and highways, and therefore reduce government expenditure. But one of the most serious problems it would reduce is that of pollution and smog in out larger cities. There are more benefits to biking, though. There are benefits that come at a more personal level. Biking greatly improves ones health. It can be a way to exercise without taking much times out of ones schedule. The time one would spend biking ...

... acid is a solvent of metals, and he liberated oxygen from the red oxide of mercury. The fundamental concept of stemmed from the Aristotelian doctrine that all things tend to reach perfection. Because other metals were thought to be less "perfect" than gold, it was reasonable to assume that nature formed gold out of other metals deep within the earth and that with sufficient skill and diligence an artisan could duplicate this process in the workshop. Efforts toward this goal were empirical and practical at first, but by the 4th century AD, astrology, magic, and ritual had begun to gain prominence. A school of pharmacy flourished in Arabia during the caliphates of the Abbasids from 750 ...

... the nutrients in the soils are washed away making it hard for some plants to grow. The presence of nitrogen oxide and nitric oxide also can force trees to grow even though they do not have the necessary nutrients. The trees are sometimes forced to grow during late autumn when it is actually the time for them to prepare for severe winter weather. One of the direct effects of acid rain is on lakes and the whole aquatic ecosystems. There are several ways the acidic chemicals can enter the lakes. Some exists as dry particles in the air while others enter the lakes as wet particles such as rain, snow, sleet, hail, dew, or fog. The presence of acid and chemicals in the lake causes a sud ...

... light and heat are given off. This shows an exothermic reaction, which is a release of energy. The electrostatic energy between the two holds them together. Ionic bonds are useful because in a liquid state it can conduct electricity. This is possible because it contains ions. That doesn't conduct electricity in the solid state because there is not enough room within the molecule. The substance produced by this bond is table salt. Other salts, such as CaCl (rock salt) are formed in the same way and although they have a different crystalline structure they do possess the same physical properties. Covalent bonds, as stated earlier, are when the atoms share electrons with each other. Cova ...

... Its mostly found from Kansas and Missouri, south to Texas, and west to California. Found in sheltered places indoors and outdoors it is about 10 mm (.4 in.) long and has an orange-yellow body with a dark violin-shaped design on its back. Its bite isn't usually fatal to humans, the venom destroys the skin and it may take a few months to heal. The brown recluse is mostly active at night. it feeds on small insects that it paralyzes with its poison. The Black Widow The black widow, Latrodectus mactans, is a poisonous spider of the family Theridiidae, order Araneida. The female, about 1.3 cm (0.5 in) long, is glossy black, densely clothed with microscopic hairs, and has a red hour ...

... concepts that have emerged in these laboratory studies. The reasoning for lies in our understanding of the genetic basis of human disease. It is probably safe to say that genes we inherit from our parents influence virtually every human disease. A composite of approximately 150,000 individual genes constitutes a human being. Several years ago, an international effort was launched to identify every single human gene. This effort called the Human Genome Project, is well underway and should be completed soon after the turn of the century. Variation in the structure of a person's genes collectively helps define us as individuals such as how tall we are to the color our eyes. Some of this gene ...