PAPER Topics

... tissue. The body is enveloped in a thick layer of blubber that aids in bouyancy, helps to preserve body heat, and is a source of stored energy. A cetacean’s skin is free of sweat glands, oil glands, or hair, and feels much like smooth, wet rubber to the touch. Cetaceans, like other mammals, have lungs. They breathe air through a single nostril, or pair of nostrils, located on the top of the head; but contrary to a popular image, they do not “spout” water when they exhale. The visible spout, the size and shape of which is unique to many species, is simply water vapor in the lungs and a small amount of water present in the depression around the blowhole, which is blown into the air as ...

... air swirls around a tornado center. As this air swirls in over the sea surface, it soaks up more and more water vapour. At the storm center, this new supply of water vapor gets pulled into the thunderhead updrafts, releasing still more energy as the water vapor condenses. This makes the updrafts rise faster, pulling in even larger amounts of air and water vapor from the storm's edges. And as the updrafts speed up, air swirls faster and faster around the storm center. The storm clouds, moving with the swirling air, form a coil. In a few days the hurricane will have grown greatly in size and power. The swirling shape of the winds of the hurricane is shaped like a dough-nut. At th ...

... was determined that the subject would almost always attempt to escape from the house when it was given the opportunity during the first four days. As the days progressed, it's total number of escapes decreased. This could be attributed to the fact that every time it found it's way outside, it was immediately picked up and returned to it's proper location. This is a perfect example of using the untraining technique of "negative reinforcement". Even thought the intent was to protect the cat from the harsh threats that awaited it in the real world, it was effective in reducing the number of escapes. After data collection was completed for the four days of observation, a program was impl ...

... halophytes and began testing these plants in the desert of Puerto Peñasco. They irrigated the plants daily by flooding the fields with seawater from the Gulf of California. The best halophytes produced roughly the yield of alfalfa using freshwater irrigation. In order to show that these halophytes could replace other crops for use they tested to see if the crops could feed livestock. The halophytes have protein and carbohydrates but they contain too much salt. This limits the amount an animal can eat and dilutes the nutritional value. Therefore, the authors decided to use the halophytes as part of a mixed diet for the livestock. The animals’ meat taste was not affected, but the ...

... can work is if the parents/guardian is there to change the channel but let’s be realistic, how many parents/guardians actuarially have the time to monitor everything there children watch. So most children do end up viewing these programs anyway, and whether we like it or not,the truth of the matter is television educates our children. They educate our children inboth a positive and negative way. In order to minimizes the negative effects the laws and regulations most be stricter then the currently are. on the Internet is a very important issue but it currently does not really exist because it cost to much money, time and effort to censor the billions of pages on the net. So anybody coul ...

... National Park in Tanzania and the Kruger National Park in South Africa. This drastic reduction in range came about as humans and domestic livestock spread into savanna lands. Because live in open areas, they are easily shot by hunters and herders. fur coats are a highly prized possession by poachers, and are worth a lot. Over the last 200 years, over 90% of the world’s lion population has either been shot or killed as result of humans. are also a very popular attraction for zoos and many live in captivity. Diet & Predatorial Behavior Lions are one of the world’s most famous predators. Their preys ranges from insects to giraffes; but they prefer large animals such ...

... soil. This system led to problems, because dividing the land in half led to shortages in the production of food because only half of the field was being used. This system of agriculture needed some minor adjustments to increase the production of food without destroying the soil in the process. This new system came about around the year 800. Farmers began to use a new system, the three-field system, to farm their crops. The three field system used one large field like it’s earlier counterpart. The only change, was that the field was divided into three fields. Instead of only getting food from one half of your land, you could use two-thirds of the land to produce your own food. The direct res ...

... too few messages get transmitted between neurons and the symptoms of depression occur. In Clinical depression the chemicals in the brain are out-of-balance. New technology allows researchers to take pictures of the brain that show activity levels in the brain. These imaging techniques such as f-MRI and PET scan actually create images of how active different parts of the brain are. Some studies with these kinds of techniques have suggested that the patterns of activation in the brains of depressed people are different than those who are not. These tests can help doctors and researchers learn more about depression and other mental illnesses. Since this research is fairly new, it is not yet ...

... 2900 km. thick, which lies above a layer of molten magma that still exists today. The immense heat from the magma (approximately 2700(C) causes convection in the mantle (Figure 1). Convection is caused by non-uniform temperature in a fluid and density differences. This continuous convection is the cause of plate movement. Each complete cycle, called a convection cell, drives the plate in the direction of the cell. How does a 'solid' mantle move? The mantle may be solid but, as with most solids, it will deform if long term stress is applied; "...like Silly Putty which seeps into the rug when left unattended, mantle material flows when subjected to small long-term stresses."1 Presentl ...

... promote infection. For example, one may wish to investigate the following: 1) Mycobacterium leprae as yet to be cultured in laboratory media? Why? 2) Why is leprosy so prevalent in some parts of the world (i.e. India) but not in others? 3) How does leprosy become so widespread in a population? 4) Despite the discovery of drug treatments, why are over million people still infected? 5) Is there a genetic predisposition to leprosy? 6) Are there non-human sources for the disease? 7) Is there a vaccination for leprosy? These are just a few of the many issues currently under examination. Over the years, the use of modern molecular and immunological tools has become a valuable method in revea ...