PAPER Topics

... Africa has changed in just a few years... the first election to allow all citizens to vote for a new government and a new system came took place only in 1994, after decades of racial injustice. That first free, all-race election chose a black man, Nelson Manila, elected President of South Africa... after he spent 26 years in jail, for opposing the 'apartheid' of the former white supremacist government. South Africa's reform came very slowly and painfully, after many years of widespread injustice, racial discrimination, bloodshed, and violence against its non-white citizens. Non-violent resistance, combined with organized underground sabotage and terrorism by the ...

... biological science - Make no Mistake - that from the moment of conception, a new human life has been created. Only those who allow their emotional passion to overide their knowledge, can deny it: only those who are irrational or ignorant of science, doubt that when a human sperm fertilizes a human ovum a new human being is created. A new human being who carries genes in its cells that make that human being uniquely different from any and other human being and yet, undeniably a member, as we all are, of the great human family. All the fetus needs to grow into a babe, a child, an old man, is time, nutrition and a suitable environment. It is determined ...

... be tighter restriction of PAC contributions. Third, bundling must be prohibited; fourth, the flow of soft money must be stopped and lastly, a reconstitution of the Federal Elections Commission (who Cox believes has not done much as an enforcement agency). Mr. Smith argues that it costs money to communicate with the public. He says, “…from every ballot referendum to races for every office (the amount spent yearly)…is less that the amount spent on potato chips. (p 54)” Later in the article, Smith argues that, “On a per-voter basis, our expenditures are equally low: less that $2.50 per eligible voter per year, or the cost of a video rental. (p 55)” Smith believes that victory may attrac ...

... Aleksandr Herzin. Herzin left his native country in protest of Czarist censorship only to feel "profound disillusionment with the extremely narrow limits of permission imposed on freedom of expression by market censorship in the West" (Jansen 1991). This author will explore how these forces are affecting the free expression of musicians and lyricists of popular music in the United States, show how censorship has failed to work as planned, and provide a solution to the problem. Music as Literature and Art Music lyrics are essentially composed as poems, ballads, monologues, and the like, and set to music. They may take the form of actual spoken or sung sounds or of written words, as literatur ...

... interests of logging and automobiles? Another issue Clinton will have more success in solving is racial conflicts. As evidenced by the Los Angeles riots, racial tensions run high in this country. Many African-Americans and Hispanics are resentful of the white power structure, and are almost at the point of doing something drastic to gain control. The Republican administrations have basically ignored these problems of the inner-city, hoping that they would just be erased by prosperity. These problems are not going to go away, and Bill Clinton is willing to adjust current policy so it favors all Americans, not just white, upper-class men. Overall, Clinton has much more modern solutions ...

... current prison population. "Building more prisons to address crime is like building more graveyards to address a fatal disease." (Robert Gangi, Executive Director, Correctional Association of New York) Ervin 2 Prisons take the nonviolent offender and make him live in the same conditions that a hardened killer would have. The very nature of prison, no matter how humane society attempts to make it, produces an environment that is inevitably harmful to its residents. Even by delaying release by longer sentences, residents will eventually return to damage the community. Society is paying the bill for this injustice to go on. Not including Federal Funds, states spent $28.9 billion on correction ...

... the are more humane than others. In the 1920's people decided that lethal gas, or the gas chamber, was more humane than death by electrocution. Nevada was the first state to adopt the gas chamber as their form of execution. The "Humane Death Bill" was passed abolishing all other forms of execution (Hanging or firing squad were the only other two forms of execution at that time) in the state of Nevada, this bill was signed by the governor on March 28, 1921. Not long after electrocution was tried as being inhumane, the gas chamber was challenged as being cruel and unusual punishment also. Gee Jon and Hughie Sing were the first two people to be sentenced to die by lethal gas. Justice Colema ...

... the Japanese Emperor unlike a King is a living descendent of the Gods and even today he is thought of as the High Priest of Shinto. Despite the powerful myths surrounding Japan's imperial institution the Emperor has enjoyed only figure head status from 1176 on. At some points during this time the Emperor was reduced to selling calligraphy on the streets of Kyoto to support the imperial household, but usually the Emperor received money based on the kindness of the Shogunate.Footnote2 But despite this obvious power imbalance even the Tokugawa Shogun was at least symbolically below the Emperor in status and he claimed to rule so he could carry out the Imperial rule.Footnote3 Within ...

... the purpose of proposed legislation, but instead attempts to improve it technically. In federal systems, the legislative review function of the Senate is only secondary to their role in providing for representation for various parts of the country in the national legislature. Representation is selected in favour of the smaller regions, in contrast to the first chamber, where representation is always based on population. Therefore the functions associated with the Senate are legislative review and the representation of the various regions on a different basis from the lower house. The Fathers of Confederation originally intended for the Senate to play the legislative review role. ...

... on his cigarette, he inhales deeply, forcing smoke into the remotest parts of his lungs. The smoke contains tar and nicotine, which attack thousands of air sacs in the lung; as he continues to smoke, his air passages become increasing coated with tar, which includes several cancers causing agents. As the tar residue continues to build up in the air passages over several years, they begin to change the surface cells of the passages cancer cells begin to increase in number within a few years, lung cancer often appears. By the time a diagnosis finally confirming the presence of lung cancer, the disease has usually spread beyond control. Furthermore, the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke pass ...