PAPER Topics

... family functioning, rather than substituting for family functioning." 40 Testifying to the Little Hoover Commission about the proper state role, the California Youth Authority said that while history shows that the juvenile justice system has been a shared state-local responsibility, prevention activities have been primarily local activities: The state role is limited to advising, evaluating, coordinating and providing technical assistance and information. Indeed, the juvenile justice system in its entirety is somewhat limited in its ability to fundamentally alter the causes and correlates of juvenile crime. Rather, the Youth Authority believes that the most effective approaches t ...

... offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a ...

... freedom of expression and peaceful assembly and has blocked access to free participation in public affairs. The multiparty system in Egypt is essentially one of party formation from the top. This type of polity is one in which a strong executive authority directly determines the parameters of multiparty activity in political society. For example, the Egyptian government can refuse to license a new political party if it violates any one of the following general principles: preserving national unity, safeguarding the social peace, adhering to the Constitution, defending the 'socialist gains,' or protecting the 'alliance of the working class.' This type of top-down polity is a direct ou ...

... America. One could view the first democratic group responsible for today's freedom. This was the assembly formed by George Yeardly (p.13). Perhaps, if the Virginia Company had not instructed the governor to establish an assembly, the idea of democracy might not have instilled into the minds of the colonists. Surely, without this first appearance, it is questionable that an idea suppressed for centuries under the English monarchy would surface anywhere else. Moreover, it led the way for other settlements to adopt a similar code. Another way the representative body shaped America was slavery. Most representatives approved slavery and practiced it. The early burgesses of the Virginian assembl ...

... But, Jerome Frank, one of delegates of legal realists, criticized jury system in Law & the Modern Mind, 1930. " A lot of verdicts are irresponsible juries' products of caprice and prejudice, for example, the defendant is a rich corporation, the plaintiff is a poor boy and the counsel is an eloquent speaker. Such facts often decide who wins or loses." He characterizes that juries have tendency to like weak people and hate strong people. Jury system seems to have many problems. A sophisticated and rich person, a person of position and a busy businessman do not want to become a juror, because juries are bound for all trial period and therefore person who can afford time for trial c ...

... bureaucracies. The state which has an effective grant-writing bureaucracy and maintains relations with federal bureaucrats and leaders is often able to get more money. Federal bureaucracies are often very regionalized. They are staffed by people from a certain region, and they primarily deal with people from that region. They give more federal assistance to these regions too. The overall trend in federal spending in a state may be different from a particular agency's pattern of spending. Some states may get very little overall federal funding, but may get much more than the average amount of money from a certain federal agency's grants. American state-level politics can be divided up ...

... rights; if only 70% vote, then 70% control 100% of the government. Voting without adequate understanding and choosing candidates for the wrong reasons are symptoms of voting for the sake of voting and not taking an active interest in how our country is run. Instead of making an effort to understand issues and party fundamentals, too many ignorant people actually base their decisions on what the candidates tell them. The result is that everybody feels "burned" by the government, never realizing that they could have tipped the election simply by paying attention. Another problem with is the structure of any government's bureaucracy. Vote for a party/candidate only in principle, because ...

... which fit better with Canada's social landscape. All over the world populations are growing at tremendous rates. Nothing in this world happens by accident, the populations are moving because they expect an increase in quality of life in the new country. Country's all over the world view Canada as a great place to live, the United Nations bills Canada as the best place to live. When third world people look at their present situations, they think that they could instantly improve their surroundings by moving to Canada. By pure logic it would seem like madness to open Canada's doors wide open to any immigrant which wishes to come to Canada. We would be swamped! But that is precisely ...

... counseling he admits that a study of adult offenders did show improvement in attitudes of offenders, but since it did not include information on recidivism it was discounted. Martinson is criticized because the counseling programs may not seem to work because of the institutional environment outside the program. Martinson says that even in institutional environments that control every part of the offenders environment and treatment, did show a reduction in recidivism for one year. But he says the effects of such treatment did not reduce recidivism any more than no treatment after two years. And it had no influence on reducing the recidivism rates of young offenders (Martinson, p.2 ...

... was from. For example, when on an excursion, if someone gets lost, they can be easily recognised and can find their group by their distinctive uniform. This helps the teachers and the school to control and look after the students. Also, all students wearing a neat and well-presented uniform reflects well on the school and presents a good image. Wearing a school uniform can save money and time. Each morning, students do not need to decide what to wear, they simply get dressed in their uniform. This makes getting ready for school hassle-free for students. Time wasted on deciding what to wear could be better spent on doing schoolwork. Parents may be annoyed that uniforms are expensive, es ...