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Railroads were born in England, a country of dense population, short distances, and large financial resources. In England problems were very different from those in America, which in the early 1800s was a nation of great distances, sparse popul ....

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... Tenn., were connected with the East. Still other lines were stretching westward beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal, Que., and another one crossed southern Ontario between Niagara, N.Y., and the Detroit River. During the 1850s north-south routes were developed both east and west of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the American Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge (as distinguished from a temporary wartime structure) was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War the pace of railroad building increased. The two Pacific railroads-one, the Union Pacific, build ...