PAPER Topics

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Napoleon defeat brought about much unrest in Europe. The years that followed were littered with revolts, both successful as well as futile. Governments scrambled for a foothold as they tried to turn back the clock to their comfortable pre-Nap ....

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... Legitimacy threatened Liberals causing revolts. The response was The Troppau Protocol and Carlsbad decrees. These banned revolution and promised military intervention. The first failure of the Troppau protocol was Greek Independence from the Ottoman Empire. This sparked two series of revolts. In Eastern and Central Europe the focus was nationalism. In Western Europe the focus was growing industrialization calling for lower class political participation. These revolutions threatened European unity. In Italy Nationalism grew. Many movements and secret societies formed, including “risorgimento”, “Carbonari”, and the “Young Italy” ...