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Fought July 1 through July 3, 1863, considered by most military historians the turning point in the American Civil War. was a decisive engagement in that it arrested the Confederates' second and last major invasion of the North, destroyed thei ....

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... Pennsylvania, hoping to avert another federal offensive in Virginia and planning to fight if he could get the federal army into a vulnerable position; he also hoped that the invasion might increase Northern war-weariness and lead the North to recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America. In pursuit of this plan, Lee crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains, proceeded up the Shenandoah Valley, and, crossing Maryland, entered Pennsylvania. Upon learning federal troops were north of the Potomac, Lee decided to concentrate his whole army at Gettysburg. On June 30, Confederate troops from General Hill's corps, on their way to Gettysbu ...